Poses as central the employment impact of ecological and digital transitions and in response to economic and social crises. Beginning with a union comparison, explores possible scenarios and actions by cities.

It was the 1980s when U.S. unions used the term "just transitions" to protect workers affected by new water and air pollution regulations. The term appears at least relevant today: the present is characterized by enormous challenges, spatial spillovers are increasingly out of control, and those who will pay the consequences will be the most vulnerable. It seems necessary to integrate into one's development a renewed focus on people, social impact and territorial development.